Physical therapy strategies on the functionality of a patient diagnosed with Stroke: a case study

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) involves the interruption of blood flow in the brain, resulting in permanent neurological damage. Risk factors include stress, older age, high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, heart disease, physical inactivity, and obesity. Stroke can be ischemic (interruption of blood flow), hemorrhagic (rupture of vessels), or transient (temporary lack of flow). Ischemic stroke has several phases: hyperacute (0-24 hours), acute (1-7 days), early subacute (7 days to 3 months), late (3-6 months) and chronic (more than 6 months). Regardless of the type or stage, stroke causes sudden symptoms of loss of function, which can be severe and even fatal. Objective: To describe the physical therapy strategies used in the rehabilitation of a patient diagnosed with ischemic stroke and to verify the effects on functionality. Case report: This is a case study consisting of a comprehensive initial assessment of the patient's physical and functional status. Based on the results of this evaluation, specific therapeutic goals and procedures to be followed during the study period were established. The intervention was designed and conducted according to the identified needs, namely: stretching and muscle strengthening, balance training, gait training, weight unloading, stimuli to regain sensitivity, among others. Treatment sessions were conducted twice a week, at the FAMP School of Physiotherapy Clinic. After intervention, the patient showed improvement in balance, muscle strength and tone, and improved gait (no longer necessary for assistance) and obtained the maximum score in the Functional Independence Measure, the main outcome of the study. Through these results, the importance of the role of physical therapy for the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients is highlighted, especially regarding its functionality.