TRANSMISSÃO DE ZIKA VÍRUS DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO EM RECÉM-NASCIDOS E MICROCEFALIA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA

Abstract

Brazil was the first country to identify a possible relationship between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of microcephaly in newborns (NB). After the establishment of a national task force, among the first 35 cases of NB with microcephaly reported in eight states in the country (August and October 2015), all mothers lived in or visited areas infected by the virus during pregnancy. This research aimed to seek evidence in the literature about the findings on the relationship between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and neonatal consequences, through a narrative review. For the construction of this review, some steps were determined: definition and refinement of the research theme; determination of the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the researched articles, discussion of the obtained results and description of the obtained knowledge synthesis. The chosen platforms were: Scielo, PubMed and Web of Science, the keywords used were “child” and “Zika Virus”. As inclusion criteria, articles published from 2015 to 2020 were obtained, in Portuguese and/or English. Articles published outside the standards set forth above were excluded. Anomalies in the (Central Nervous System) CNS of patients affected with ZV reveal specific characteristics for children during their development. These anomalies can be represented as seizures, dysphagia, irritability, hypertonia, hyperreflexia and increased archaic reflexes. Despite many studies about ZV and the association of microcephaly, through transplacental transmission, it is not possible to precisely confirm the triggering by both. The mechanism that leads to the emergence of microcephaly through Zika virus infection is not yet known for sure. What everything indicates is that the infection and inflammation generated by the microorganism cause damage to the structure and replication of nerve cells.