Childhood obesity and influence concerning food and sociodemographic factors in childhood: a literature review

Abstract

Childhood obesity is depicted by the increasing of adipose tissue and body weight. It is observed that in childhood obesity presents a significant increase in the Brazilian population and a concern in public health, being pointed as a risk factor for the early development of chronic diseases. Its evaluation is performed through the indexes of Body Mass Index (calculation Weight / Height²). The literature review aimed at discussing the indexes of overweight and obesity in preschool children of different socioeconomic levels. It is important to mention that habitudes of lifestyle including: sedentarism, unhealthy food consumption and genetic inheritance are predisposing factors to diversified comorbities and even for biopsychosocial disorders. Thus, through the analysis of bibliographic studies by the platform Scielo, Bireme, Medline and Google Scholar between the years 2005 to 2019, were included in a study on the rates of overweight and obesity in preschoolers. The study aims to address overweight in preschool children through the role of balanced diet and its relationship with healthy living habits and physical longevity in neuropsychomotor development during childcare consultations and the importance of the role of school stimulating a practice of physical exercises